Electronics manufacturing in China — what to expect?
Sooner or later, any "electronic" project, or die (as an option — in a coma "until better times"), or Matures to the stage of "pilot production". Ie collected "on the knee" units comes time to switch to the production of hundreds and perhaps even thousands of devices. And it turns out that on the territory of our vast country with all these guys.
What is an advanced electronic device? Is one or more of the mounted printed circuit boards, housing and accessories (cables, antenna, etc.). What we are waiting for the adventure?
1. Need to make the circulation of printed circuit boards. Problems here are usually two: the small circulation and the complexity of manufacturing. With a small circulation, few people want to communicate (actually, all roads traditionally lead to Rezonit), and the price of such copies is usually extremely inhumane. But if your charge is classified as "high-tech"(TM), i.e. it is multi-layered (more than 6 layers), so even with a clever micro - (e.g., HDI), to find a contractor in Russia is something very very hard.
2.Need to find the components in the required quantities. Well, here as usual is expensive and not always available in principle. For example, just faced with a certain shortage of white LEDs from Cree we need par... Collected in different offices literally 2-3 pieces.
3. Surface mount on the circulation of 100-1000 boards. Only the customization cost SMD machine (if anyone will take such a "trifle") makes this process extremely off-budget.
4. The manufacture of the body. usually the plastic — i.e. the available choices (in the usual ascending price per unit) printing on the 3D printer manufacturer on the CNC machine, casting in silicone or conventional casting (pressure). In any case — the same problems as printed circuit boards: expensive and hard to find a contractor in a small circulation.
Like many others before us, our company at the time came close to solving all these problems. And to solve it we began by using Chinese factories. To whom this way of solving some problems and getting the other interesting — welcome under kat.
Cooperation with the Chinese helps to resolve some of the problems, but adds several others. Let's consider them in order.
Here you have three options. Searching the Internet, visiting exhibitions or the mediator. The first two demonstrate the obvious risks, the main of which — the problems of communication. It is unlikely that you will be dealing with the Chinese on Chinese, Russian language is almost irrelevant, as English is not native neither for you nor for them. So it is quite possible misunderstanding, which results in technical errors. well, about the peculiarities of working with intermediaries. By the way, if on the wrong side of Chinese speaks English — most likely it is the mediator, only it carefully hide. Now, if you communicate with any Chinese girl in Russian — it is very likely that this large factory, specially hiring English speaking (well as they think) staff. In any case, for the pleasure of communicating in plain language (either Russian or English) you will have to pay a little bit, that will be reflected in the final quotashare (quotation — it "commercial offer", which describes all the conditions by the contractor).
The contract with the Chinese to conclude, in General, not a problem. The problem comes when the other side doesn't want to abide by (or you think so at least). Just think what you can do if the money was transferred, and the item is not delivered or (which is much worse in terms of judicial prospects) is delivered, the defective, etc.? In General we can say that even properly drafted and properly executed contract, a Russian company with the Chinese does not give any guarantees, unfortunately.
Rarely the first time it turns out all right. Immediately prepare yourself for a visual demonstration of the justice of popular wisdom "the first pancake is always lumpy". The first contract with this artist, the first batch of goods, communication problems, the weak interest of the contractor in smaller contract — all this can not but lead to serious difficulties. The option to reduce the risk of only two: either you fly to China and oversee the process or hire someone else. In China, there is a whole industry of special "independent verifier", at the exhibitions they are usually a couple dozen stands at least.
The usual way is by plane. For electronics, so even a small circulation is something lightweight, compact and quite expensive. Delivery of one kg of cargo from Shenzhen or Hong Kong to Moscow — 5-6 USD (if at least 100 kilograms typed, if less — will be more expensive, of course). If your products Packed in cartons, can dimensional weight to get (relatively speaking, freight box volume cubic foot, but weighs 1 kg, is not as transporting 1 kg). But quickly. 3-4 days and the goods are already in Moscow. The alternative is by land or sea. Earth, too, is different — a car through Kazakhstan or rail via Vladivostok, for example. Due to the peculiarities of the Russian railway logistics is usually more expensive than the plane (although even slower car). But there is a special category of goods for which, in most cases, you have to use the channels on the ground — it's lithium batteries.
A separate line, you can mention services of Express delivery. From China to Russia, they only work with a Russian organization. persons, alas. To send samples (i.e. up to 5 pieces of one article and a total cost, including shipping, less than 200 euros) the best option is FedEx. Quickly and inexpensively. If there is "consignment", ie, more than 5 PCs and/or more than 200 euros (but highly desirable — not more than 1000 euros to act as preferential tariffs for brokerage services), you will have the goods to customs. And we need to look at DHL or UPS, which have their own brokerage service for relatively sane rates.
If you carry yourself on his contract — is likely to need the services of a broker (if your company is engaged in customs clearance — why are you reading this?). Fun quite expensive, especially if you consider that customs will have at the airport. At Sheremetyevo, for example, the usual "fee" from $ 1,000 per one customs Declaration, plus overhead (a warehouse, etc.) and, of course, all the customs duties. Fortunately, in the vast majority of cases on electronics (in the form of assembled PCB in the housing or without) the fee is zero, but there is, alas, and 18% import VAT. To cargo customs clearance — you need to submit a lot of documents, don't forget. It is best to agree on a list before the goods depart from China. For if any paper is not enough — the cargo will arrive at TSW (temporary storage warehouse, a very expensive pleasure), and you will receive a considerable energy boost. Especially funny if you suddenly found out that there is no certificate of conformity or of the notification of the FSB (these papers are issued at least two weeks). So be careful.
If the cargo you are delivering some kind of service of Express delivery, then you change only one thing: a separate contract with the broker is not required. The document set remains the same. The cost is also more or less be the same in both cases (if you do cheap shipping plus expensive broker if DHL or UPS expensive shipping plus cheap brokerage services).
Well and, of course, there are alternative delivery methods in which the efforts of the customs clearance, you do not need. I ways recommend (you, you, how can you?!), but just in case: delivery charge electronics such channels usually varies from 12 to 30 USD/kg, time — from weeks to months. Who really want to — he will find.
Well here somehow so briefly. Absolute truth is not claimed, but the experience I have is real. Wikipedia has decided to place, for Chinese people (finally!) came from their Christmas holidays and started to work. Hurrah!
Article based on information from habrahabr.ru
What is an advanced electronic device? Is one or more of the mounted printed circuit boards, housing and accessories (cables, antenna, etc.). What we are waiting for the adventure?
1. Need to make the circulation of printed circuit boards. Problems here are usually two: the small circulation and the complexity of manufacturing. With a small circulation, few people want to communicate (actually, all roads traditionally lead to Rezonit), and the price of such copies is usually extremely inhumane. But if your charge is classified as "high-tech"(TM), i.e. it is multi-layered (more than 6 layers), so even with a clever micro - (e.g., HDI), to find a contractor in Russia is something very very hard.
2.Need to find the components in the required quantities. Well, here as usual is expensive and not always available in principle. For example, just faced with a certain shortage of white LEDs from Cree we need par... Collected in different offices literally 2-3 pieces.
3. Surface mount on the circulation of 100-1000 boards. Only the customization cost SMD machine (if anyone will take such a "trifle") makes this process extremely off-budget.
4. The manufacture of the body. usually the plastic — i.e. the available choices (in the usual ascending price per unit) printing on the 3D printer manufacturer on the CNC machine, casting in silicone or conventional casting (pressure). In any case — the same problems as printed circuit boards: expensive and hard to find a contractor in a small circulation.
Like many others before us, our company at the time came close to solving all these problems. And to solve it we began by using Chinese factories. To whom this way of solving some problems and getting the other interesting — welcome under kat.
Cooperation with the Chinese helps to resolve some of the problems, but adds several others. Let's consider them in order.
1. In search of performers.
Here you have three options. Searching the Internet, visiting exhibitions or the mediator. The first two demonstrate the obvious risks, the main of which — the problems of communication. It is unlikely that you will be dealing with the Chinese on Chinese, Russian language is almost irrelevant, as English is not native neither for you nor for them. So it is quite possible misunderstanding, which results in technical errors. well, about the peculiarities of working with intermediaries. By the way, if on the wrong side of Chinese speaks English — most likely it is the mediator, only it carefully hide. Now, if you communicate with any Chinese girl in Russian — it is very likely that this large factory, specially hiring English speaking (well as they think) staff. In any case, for the pleasure of communicating in plain language (either Russian or English) you will have to pay a little bit, that will be reflected in the final quotashare (quotation — it "commercial offer", which describes all the conditions by the contractor).
2. Contract and transfer of money.
The contract with the Chinese to conclude, in General, not a problem. The problem comes when the other side doesn't want to abide by (or you think so at least). Just think what you can do if the money was transferred, and the item is not delivered or (which is much worse in terms of judicial prospects) is delivered, the defective, etc.? In General we can say that even properly drafted and properly executed contract, a Russian company with the Chinese does not give any guarantees, unfortunately.
3. Quality control.
Rarely the first time it turns out all right. Immediately prepare yourself for a visual demonstration of the justice of popular wisdom "the first pancake is always lumpy". The first contract with this artist, the first batch of goods, communication problems, the weak interest of the contractor in smaller contract — all this can not but lead to serious difficulties. The option to reduce the risk of only two: either you fly to China and oversee the process or hire someone else. In China, there is a whole industry of special "independent verifier", at the exhibitions they are usually a couple dozen stands at least.
4. Delivery to Russia.
The usual way is by plane. For electronics, so even a small circulation is something lightweight, compact and quite expensive. Delivery of one kg of cargo from Shenzhen or Hong Kong to Moscow — 5-6 USD (if at least 100 kilograms typed, if less — will be more expensive, of course). If your products Packed in cartons, can dimensional weight to get (relatively speaking, freight box volume cubic foot, but weighs 1 kg, is not as transporting 1 kg). But quickly. 3-4 days and the goods are already in Moscow. The alternative is by land or sea. Earth, too, is different — a car through Kazakhstan or rail via Vladivostok, for example. Due to the peculiarities of the Russian railway logistics is usually more expensive than the plane (although even slower car). But there is a special category of goods for which, in most cases, you have to use the channels on the ground — it's lithium batteries.
A separate line, you can mention services of Express delivery. From China to Russia, they only work with a Russian organization. persons, alas. To send samples (i.e. up to 5 pieces of one article and a total cost, including shipping, less than 200 euros) the best option is FedEx. Quickly and inexpensively. If there is "consignment", ie, more than 5 PCs and/or more than 200 euros (but highly desirable — not more than 1000 euros to act as preferential tariffs for brokerage services), you will have the goods to customs. And we need to look at DHL or UPS, which have their own brokerage service for relatively sane rates.
5. Clearance.
If you carry yourself on his contract — is likely to need the services of a broker (if your company is engaged in customs clearance — why are you reading this?). Fun quite expensive, especially if you consider that customs will have at the airport. At Sheremetyevo, for example, the usual "fee" from $ 1,000 per one customs Declaration, plus overhead (a warehouse, etc.) and, of course, all the customs duties. Fortunately, in the vast majority of cases on electronics (in the form of assembled PCB in the housing or without) the fee is zero, but there is, alas, and 18% import VAT. To cargo customs clearance — you need to submit a lot of documents, don't forget. It is best to agree on a list before the goods depart from China. For if any paper is not enough — the cargo will arrive at TSW (temporary storage warehouse, a very expensive pleasure), and you will receive a considerable energy boost. Especially funny if you suddenly found out that there is no certificate of conformity or of the notification of the FSB (these papers are issued at least two weeks). So be careful.
If the cargo you are delivering some kind of service of Express delivery, then you change only one thing: a separate contract with the broker is not required. The document set remains the same. The cost is also more or less be the same in both cases (if you do cheap shipping plus expensive broker if DHL or UPS expensive shipping plus cheap brokerage services).
Well and, of course, there are alternative delivery methods in which the efforts of the customs clearance, you do not need. I ways recommend (you, you, how can you?!), but just in case: delivery charge electronics such channels usually varies from 12 to 30 USD/kg, time — from weeks to months. Who really want to — he will find.
Well here somehow so briefly. Absolute truth is not claimed, but the experience I have is real. Wikipedia has decided to place, for Chinese people (finally!) came from their Christmas holidays and started to work. Hurrah!
