Music lovers is dedicated to, or make Internet radio "grown-up"
Welcome abrollsoftware!
This is an interesting story about what legal differences work in the Russian Google and Yandex, as almost single-handedly to make a commercial product, while not knowing the Unix system, and even, in General, poorly understanding of Windows, but very loving music, and how not to splurge on advertising in the Internet. We also dispel some famous myths about the creation and operation of their radio station)
Under the cut seven circles of hell and all my ordeal in the world of beauty (music, of course) with all the details and some photos.
We all (well, almost) love music and radio including. Perhaps someone in the head climbs thought that it would be nice to be a DJ, languid voice into the microphone to attract the opposite audience to put songs on the air and to be popular and in demand. But the illusion quickly shattered against the reality.
It so happened that at completely random circumstances I had to work in his time first on one of the TV stations in the Urals, and then (and now still) in companies engaged in the broadcasting of several commercial radio stations in medium-sized cities of the Urals. And then it turned out that the music in the live sets not DJ and music editor, and saying that hit will not work, and indeed all the outputs need to pre-register (recommended), and conversations with the students schedule prior to the airing. Everything turned out more prosaic and more commonplace, unfortunately.
And then we start exposing the first myth.
1. Radio is expensive and inaccessible.
In fact, to create your own essential (i.e. FM) station, you don't need much. Just to develop the frequency (if the city is up to 200 thousand of the population, without competition for development), to obtain a certificate of registration of mass media (even a penny), to issue broadcasting licenses and coherent (also not too expensive) to buy a transmitter (100 thousand) + antenna feeder (10 thousand) + the very antenna (20 thousand) + broadcast server (10 thousand) + broadcast (3 thousand rubles), to do a project on SES (25 thousand), and pass the link object to the representatives of Roskomnadzor.
Of course, many other pitfalls, but in General it is not so difficult, especially since there are specialized companies for a certain percentage of the paperwork will make themselves, and by eliminating errors in them — will do everything faster than you do.
Frankly, do not want to spend my life working for the man and his radio want). Terrestrial radio, though not so inaccessible, as it is sometimes shown on habré, but Internet radio is still cheaper and gives more opportunities for development. So it was decided to make its Internet station (inspired by the success of two of my good mates, Kraftway-I and Alexei). From thoughts to actual implementation has been more than six months, although the actual implementation took about a month.
Proceed to consider the points.
1. The definition of the format of the station
Everything is simple and difficult at the same time. In my head flew the thought of my beloved music era of the 90s and early 2000s. Exactly the same one that will come in the next few years to replace the music of the 80s. Actually start like this, in order not to produce the station-clones. It should be noted that the reality is again adjusted and this item, more about this later.
2. This follows from the first paragraph. Musical base station.
Training began back in January. Immediately it was determined that the source code for the whole base will be mostly files in lossless formats, lossless audio compression, because I wanted good quality at the lowest bitrate stream. Each track trimmed, removed long Intro and ending, if the song is too long, it is the radio broadcast duration (from 2.40 to 3.40), it turns out the cut pieces and mixing the pace and meaning. Next, it is normalized, i.e., the entire base was to be reduced to one level below in the broadcast there was no differences in volume and even the existence of the signal processing before sending to the server would not solve the problem completely in the presence of tracks with different levels. Some songs are more aligned high frequencies if they are small (usually it's an old mastering, since the 90s). All the processing bases were made in Sound Forge. At the time of this writing, our database was almost 1500 tracks. It's a bit really. The ratio of Russian to foreign — 50/50.
It was further necessary to define the categories of songs and sort them by him. The principle of programming — time, i.e. sort the songs by year when they were produced and played. Defined — ' 90s, beginning of 2000s, the mid 2000s and the modern. Additional division on the Russian/foreign, plus a category of Gold, i.e. the old well-known and favorite songs.
3. Station name and its logo.
The name was invented quickly. In Kazan in the 90s and early 2000s was the same station Passage, at that time was around fashion and popular music, and it is there I grew up. Unfortunately, this station does not exist, it was replaced by one of the Federal for young people.
Logo. With him it was not so easy, because there was not one thought, how can he look like and what it can be. I draw, like anything else, do not know how, so the order was created on a popular resource for freelancers. The contractor has opredelilsya quite quickly and the views of the employers and after a few days, the station logo was ready.
4. Air design.
If the quality of the broadcast is doing good, and making the ether should be at the level it is with these thoughts were found one of the studios in the network, which for a reasonable fee did voice actors. Was read a couple of sentences, names of different intonations and all that for only 500 rubles. Further, the Jingles need to be collected and then come to the aid of the production library that are easy to find online and in the sound editor, collected Jingles.
Plus Forge was generated DTMF signals for automation, in case there is arranged a relay (this is future) and also added on the part of the Jingles for the regional Windows.
5. Actually, more to the point and to the topic. Broadcaster (software)
Originally it was my laptop at work.
Of the benefits — a permanent channel in the Internet (but not quite stable), connect the UPS with powerful batteries.
It would seem that everything is fine — started gin (a free product to automate the radio, all good, but in the free version there is no import of playlist, i.e. you can fill the schedule for the day, only handles. I love music, but not enough to so perverted) and tell it yourself. But then drew a few problems. Gin did not know how to rotate the tracks, import does not support, and even the sound from it when using external processing (more on this later) when opening the editor changes a little jammed for just a second. Therefore, the software has been replaced (at least at the initial stage, exactly) a similar, but cheaper and easier the product is for broadcast automation. From pluses — there are settings fades between groups of files, is able very easy to rotate the files by folders within the same playlist. Of the minuses — there is no editor of gluing, i.e. the gluing of the individual to do.
The player was created shreds, i.e., hour sheets, each created by a rotation between folders with the categories prescribed rules do not repeat tracks and samples from them.
Is the simplest rotation in the near future the transition to a much more advanced rotator.
Also note that all serious software for broadcasting is for Windows only, this influenced the choice of system for servers.
5.1 signal Processing
Also an important point, because some even promoted the station it is not used and suffers like the sound and the overall level of volume, some on the contrary, got really into it and listening hard. For what it is — just align the overall level, normalize, expanding the stereo panorama, processed the lower classes, raising the average level.
To rebuild it was not so difficult, the problem arose that it was necessary to "punch" treatment between essential and encoders. Then came to the aid of the vac rather 2 pieces. On the first cable plays player, he takes the signal processing and displays on the second cable, from which is taken the signal for coders. Therefore, there is no digital-to-analog conversions, and we have processed the signal. Had the opportunity to tie processing in a plug-in directly to the broadcast program, but it is dependent on this software, and secondly, if something happens to the essential — we will not have signal processing, even the reserve player.
Also pay attention to this point that when connecting to a remote machine with windows on Board for remote desktop — completely disappear any audio device, and if programs were launched using them — there is a complicated situation with the shutdown. So I selected Radmin, there is a and analogues (including free) with which it works.
5.2 Iron (broadcast machine)
And already on iron now — initially I thought (and my friend) that broadcast from the place where the check is not Feng Shui. No sooner said than done, ordered VPS on Windows with medium settings — 2 cores approximately 1.6 GHz, 2 GB RAM, hard disk space of about 50 GB and all this for 1200 rubles a month. Uploaded music database with the clothes of the ether, is set to process, prekinuti virtual cables, downloaded the config broadcast software and worksheets. Everything is ready. Run. We hear some POPs, clicks, and when connecting remotely is even worse (we remember that through remote desktop we are not allowed to connect). After talking with a friend Alexey (he is, to some extent I, the competitor, even a potential) came to the conclusion that the UPU evil and need to get off it. The result was tested with 3 different virtual servers with different virtualization systems — all clicks and cod in the sound.
So I was in hetzner, and in the most severe — on Win Server 2008 on a physical server, purchased at auction. Atlon 2 cores, 2 GB of RAM, mirror 400 GB, license on system. The initial payment came to $ 2900, which for a beginner is very noticeable)
So, yet again, was copied to the server and installed and even running. Initially, all played and my joy knew no bounds. Nothing groaned and clattered. ... Until I connected to the server. Here and found out that when connecting, and some other "heavy" acts on the server I have again undermined the broadcasting. Pretty angry found free analog Redmine, but it has not solved the problem, although the explosions were observed on other actions. Was trying to figure out what's the problem but the CPU load when connecting was not very big, signal processing held also about 20-25% CPU, so to find the truth and failed. Had made only one conclusion — you should try a more powerful machine.
Was bought a small animal for broadcasting) Core i7 950 (4 cores at 3.06 GHz), 24 GB DDR3, 1.5 TB mirror, and also a license for Windows, less just, nothing there, everything is fun — even more expensive. To describe a re-install and run I won't — except to say that everything works perfectly, apparently still lacked some resources.
6. Server distribution flows.
The first server in hetzner was handing out flows). Although no. This was preceded by the ordering of slots for broadcasting in one of the specialized sites, are quite popular. There were 2 BUT — expensive slots (e.g. 100 slots 128 kbit/s cost as a dedicated server — 1500 per month) and the inability to broadcast anything except in mp3 (the latter recently fixed by adding support for aac+). So just a week after the official launch (with ads and a parody of the website) began the translation of all links on your server. It raised shoutcast (mp3 streams) and icecast (aac+ and ogg vorbis).
Why is this not one of Isaste?
7. The quality of the encoding.
Initially I really like the simplecast encoder because of the very decent quality mp3 encoding at low bitrates. All good — supports both servers, but not able to take the tags to be passed from external sources, as its free open source counterpart — edcast (able to be taken from the files of the web server and even from the names of Windows in the system). Essential FOR and directly can only work with SHOUTcast. Why not use edcast? The reason is simple, poor quality coding, simplecast encodes codec mp3pro, and edcast just Lame, and slip the first second did not work due to different file formats.
Also, you will notice that in ethereal included the transliteration of the Russian characters, otherwise some players names are not normally shown. This also has yet to understand.
8. Website
As the song says — "I blinded him from what was". I think for radio it seems a little more important than what goes directly into the air. So he was a little rusty and postponed until better times. Domains under it was was right in front of the opening, as in the zone .EN and V. the Russian Federation. Hosting minimally, less than 100 rubles a month)
9. Advertising.
This is a very important point. We are all well aware that without advertising and promotion of any, even the most beautiful radio will go to fame over the years and more. Therefore, pogreba the bottom of the barrel, something scraped on Yandex. Direct and Google AdWords. First, without thinking twice, I refused the advertisement, asking to provide documents confirming the right to use someone else's intellectual property (i.e. in fact they needed a contract with RAO copyright with the second organization on-Suite).
But Google with relish, and started to spend my money on the clicks on the ad. So, the day went from about 50-100 clicks (it's for my humble budget). Also, the station was located at almost all major directories of radio stations in Russia and Ukraine (Kazakhstan is still slow), and 2 of them requiring payment on the first page at the very top (1 thousand each). The largest directory with a large number of visitors (about 70-80 thousand a day) still not answering emails and the other (more famous, but with slightly less performance) just simply already busy with my competitors out there, and when it will be — nobody knows. Also, the station was added to the TuneIn directory. There was an attempt to accommodate and contact the effectiveness is highly questionable, while changing the logo is a modified version of my ad was closed, although it was around noon in status of Allowed. To me this point is not entirely clear, to be honest.
In General, it is told very briefly, a lot of associated was still. The project started on 19 March 2012, currently per day there are about 2-3 hundred listeners, and for all these days I listen to the radio more than 1 thousand people, the budget is 3 thousand rubles per month. The format for these days has changed into a more pop and modern way, but it has not lost the music of yesteryear. Daily audience is growing and a lot of plans is the launch of your site, starting threads in aac+ and Ogg (already working, but in the test), with different bitrates, with increasing load is also planned to hire a third server in another DC (increase slots + reserve) daily updated music database, I want that radio was the most interesting. In this case highlights is the complete lack of leading — this is enough everywhere, online and in broadcast, high-quality sound and data, the maximum uptime of servers and broadcasting, literate programming on the air and a wider repertoire. Also any idea to create a second station with a very interesting format, but sadly not so common in Russia.
Ahead check the IP, the certificate on registration of mass media in Moscow and sign a contract to work with raw.
And here we will dispel the second myth
2. Every contractor will have to meet personally and sign a contract.
Nonsense! There are organizations who are authorized for representation of the rights of performers and rights holders (RAO, WIPO and others), they can and need to sign a contract in order to work in the legal field and was able to get into directories AKADO Radio, Audio Rambler, Yandex Direct and other. Usually they ask from 1.5 to 3 percent of revenue (depends on many factors).
The first series of the material: How to make a radio over if there are any questions, suggestions, constructive criticism — eager to hear and answer)
Article based on information from habrahabr.ru
This is an interesting story about what legal differences work in the Russian Google and Yandex, as almost single-handedly to make a commercial product, while not knowing the Unix system, and even, in General, poorly understanding of Windows, but very loving music, and how not to splurge on advertising in the Internet. We also dispel some famous myths about the creation and operation of their radio station)
Under the cut seven circles of hell and all my ordeal in the world of beauty (music, of course) with all the details and some photos.
We all (well, almost) love music and radio including. Perhaps someone in the head climbs thought that it would be nice to be a DJ, languid voice into the microphone to attract the opposite audience to put songs on the air and to be popular and in demand. But the illusion quickly shattered against the reality.
It so happened that at completely random circumstances I had to work in his time first on one of the TV stations in the Urals, and then (and now still) in companies engaged in the broadcasting of several commercial radio stations in medium-sized cities of the Urals. And then it turned out that the music in the live sets not DJ and music editor, and saying that hit will not work, and indeed all the outputs need to pre-register (recommended), and conversations with the students schedule prior to the airing. Everything turned out more prosaic and more commonplace, unfortunately.
And then we start exposing the first myth.
1. Radio is expensive and inaccessible.
In fact, to create your own essential (i.e. FM) station, you don't need much. Just to develop the frequency (if the city is up to 200 thousand of the population, without competition for development), to obtain a certificate of registration of mass media (even a penny), to issue broadcasting licenses and coherent (also not too expensive) to buy a transmitter (100 thousand) + antenna feeder (10 thousand) + the very antenna (20 thousand) + broadcast server (10 thousand) + broadcast (3 thousand rubles), to do a project on SES (25 thousand), and pass the link object to the representatives of Roskomnadzor.
Of course, many other pitfalls, but in General it is not so difficult, especially since there are specialized companies for a certain percentage of the paperwork will make themselves, and by eliminating errors in them — will do everything faster than you do.
Frankly, do not want to spend my life working for the man and his radio want). Terrestrial radio, though not so inaccessible, as it is sometimes shown on habré, but Internet radio is still cheaper and gives more opportunities for development. So it was decided to make its Internet station (inspired by the success of two of my good mates, Kraftway-I and Alexei). From thoughts to actual implementation has been more than six months, although the actual implementation took about a month.
Proceed to consider the points.
1. The definition of the format of the station
Everything is simple and difficult at the same time. In my head flew the thought of my beloved music era of the 90s and early 2000s. Exactly the same one that will come in the next few years to replace the music of the 80s. Actually start like this, in order not to produce the station-clones. It should be noted that the reality is again adjusted and this item, more about this later.
2. This follows from the first paragraph. Musical base station.
Training began back in January. Immediately it was determined that the source code for the whole base will be mostly files in lossless formats, lossless audio compression, because I wanted good quality at the lowest bitrate stream. Each track trimmed, removed long Intro and ending, if the song is too long, it is the radio broadcast duration (from 2.40 to 3.40), it turns out the cut pieces and mixing the pace and meaning. Next, it is normalized, i.e., the entire base was to be reduced to one level below in the broadcast there was no differences in volume and even the existence of the signal processing before sending to the server would not solve the problem completely in the presence of tracks with different levels. Some songs are more aligned high frequencies if they are small (usually it's an old mastering, since the 90s). All the processing bases were made in Sound Forge. At the time of this writing, our database was almost 1500 tracks. It's a bit really. The ratio of Russian to foreign — 50/50.
It was further necessary to define the categories of songs and sort them by him. The principle of programming — time, i.e. sort the songs by year when they were produced and played. Defined — ' 90s, beginning of 2000s, the mid 2000s and the modern. Additional division on the Russian/foreign, plus a category of Gold, i.e. the old well-known and favorite songs.
3. Station name and its logo.
The name was invented quickly. In Kazan in the 90s and early 2000s was the same station Passage, at that time was around fashion and popular music, and it is there I grew up. Unfortunately, this station does not exist, it was replaced by one of the Federal for young people.
Logo. With him it was not so easy, because there was not one thought, how can he look like and what it can be. I draw, like anything else, do not know how, so the order was created on a popular resource for freelancers. The contractor has opredelilsya quite quickly and the views of the employers and after a few days, the station logo was ready.
4. Air design.
If the quality of the broadcast is doing good, and making the ether should be at the level it is with these thoughts were found one of the studios in the network, which for a reasonable fee did voice actors. Was read a couple of sentences, names of different intonations and all that for only 500 rubles. Further, the Jingles need to be collected and then come to the aid of the production library that are easy to find online and in the sound editor, collected Jingles.
Plus Forge was generated DTMF signals for automation, in case there is arranged a relay (this is future) and also added on the part of the Jingles for the regional Windows.
5. Actually, more to the point and to the topic. Broadcaster (software)
Originally it was my laptop at work.
Of the benefits — a permanent channel in the Internet (but not quite stable), connect the UPS with powerful batteries.
It would seem that everything is fine — started gin (a free product to automate the radio, all good, but in the free version there is no import of playlist, i.e. you can fill the schedule for the day, only handles. I love music, but not enough to so perverted) and tell it yourself. But then drew a few problems. Gin did not know how to rotate the tracks, import does not support, and even the sound from it when using external processing (more on this later) when opening the editor changes a little jammed for just a second. Therefore, the software has been replaced (at least at the initial stage, exactly) a similar, but cheaper and easier the product is for broadcast automation. From pluses — there are settings fades between groups of files, is able very easy to rotate the files by folders within the same playlist. Of the minuses — there is no editor of gluing, i.e. the gluing of the individual to do.
The player was created shreds, i.e., hour sheets, each created by a rotation between folders with the categories prescribed rules do not repeat tracks and samples from them.
Is the simplest rotation in the near future the transition to a much more advanced rotator.
Also note that all serious software for broadcasting is for Windows only, this influenced the choice of system for servers.
5.1 signal Processing
Also an important point, because some even promoted the station it is not used and suffers like the sound and the overall level of volume, some on the contrary, got really into it and listening hard. For what it is — just align the overall level, normalize, expanding the stereo panorama, processed the lower classes, raising the average level.
To rebuild it was not so difficult, the problem arose that it was necessary to "punch" treatment between essential and encoders. Then came to the aid of the vac rather 2 pieces. On the first cable plays player, he takes the signal processing and displays on the second cable, from which is taken the signal for coders. Therefore, there is no digital-to-analog conversions, and we have processed the signal. Had the opportunity to tie processing in a plug-in directly to the broadcast program, but it is dependent on this software, and secondly, if something happens to the essential — we will not have signal processing, even the reserve player.
Also pay attention to this point that when connecting to a remote machine with windows on Board for remote desktop — completely disappear any audio device, and if programs were launched using them — there is a complicated situation with the shutdown. So I selected Radmin, there is a and analogues (including free) with which it works.
5.2 Iron (broadcast machine)
And already on iron now — initially I thought (and my friend) that broadcast from the place where the check is not Feng Shui. No sooner said than done, ordered VPS on Windows with medium settings — 2 cores approximately 1.6 GHz, 2 GB RAM, hard disk space of about 50 GB and all this for 1200 rubles a month. Uploaded music database with the clothes of the ether, is set to process, prekinuti virtual cables, downloaded the config broadcast software and worksheets. Everything is ready. Run. We hear some POPs, clicks, and when connecting remotely is even worse (we remember that through remote desktop we are not allowed to connect). After talking with a friend Alexey (he is, to some extent I, the competitor, even a potential) came to the conclusion that the UPU evil and need to get off it. The result was tested with 3 different virtual servers with different virtualization systems — all clicks and cod in the sound.
So I was in hetzner, and in the most severe — on Win Server 2008 on a physical server, purchased at auction. Atlon 2 cores, 2 GB of RAM, mirror 400 GB, license on system. The initial payment came to $ 2900, which for a beginner is very noticeable)
So, yet again, was copied to the server and installed and even running. Initially, all played and my joy knew no bounds. Nothing groaned and clattered. ... Until I connected to the server. Here and found out that when connecting, and some other "heavy" acts on the server I have again undermined the broadcasting. Pretty angry found free analog Redmine, but it has not solved the problem, although the explosions were observed on other actions. Was trying to figure out what's the problem but the CPU load when connecting was not very big, signal processing held also about 20-25% CPU, so to find the truth and failed. Had made only one conclusion — you should try a more powerful machine.
Was bought a small animal for broadcasting) Core i7 950 (4 cores at 3.06 GHz), 24 GB DDR3, 1.5 TB mirror, and also a license for Windows, less just, nothing there, everything is fun — even more expensive. To describe a re-install and run I won't — except to say that everything works perfectly, apparently still lacked some resources.
6. Server distribution flows.
The first server in hetzner was handing out flows). Although no. This was preceded by the ordering of slots for broadcasting in one of the specialized sites, are quite popular. There were 2 BUT — expensive slots (e.g. 100 slots 128 kbit/s cost as a dedicated server — 1500 per month) and the inability to broadcast anything except in mp3 (the latter recently fixed by adding support for aac+). So just a week after the official launch (with ads and a parody of the website) began the translation of all links on your server. It raised shoutcast (mp3 streams) and icecast (aac+ and ogg vorbis).
Why is this not one of Isaste?
7. The quality of the encoding.
Initially I really like the simplecast encoder because of the very decent quality mp3 encoding at low bitrates. All good — supports both servers, but not able to take the tags to be passed from external sources, as its free open source counterpart — edcast (able to be taken from the files of the web server and even from the names of Windows in the system). Essential FOR and directly can only work with SHOUTcast. Why not use edcast? The reason is simple, poor quality coding, simplecast encodes codec mp3pro, and edcast just Lame, and slip the first second did not work due to different file formats.
Also, you will notice that in ethereal included the transliteration of the Russian characters, otherwise some players names are not normally shown. This also has yet to understand.
8. Website
As the song says — "I blinded him from what was". I think for radio it seems a little more important than what goes directly into the air. So he was a little rusty and postponed until better times. Domains under it was was right in front of the opening, as in the zone .EN and V. the Russian Federation. Hosting minimally, less than 100 rubles a month)
9. Advertising.
This is a very important point. We are all well aware that without advertising and promotion of any, even the most beautiful radio will go to fame over the years and more. Therefore, pogreba the bottom of the barrel, something scraped on Yandex. Direct and Google AdWords. First, without thinking twice, I refused the advertisement, asking to provide documents confirming the right to use someone else's intellectual property (i.e. in fact they needed a contract with RAO copyright with the second organization on-Suite).
But Google with relish, and started to spend my money on the clicks on the ad. So, the day went from about 50-100 clicks (it's for my humble budget). Also, the station was located at almost all major directories of radio stations in Russia and Ukraine (Kazakhstan is still slow), and 2 of them requiring payment on the first page at the very top (1 thousand each). The largest directory with a large number of visitors (about 70-80 thousand a day) still not answering emails and the other (more famous, but with slightly less performance) just simply already busy with my competitors out there, and when it will be — nobody knows. Also, the station was added to the TuneIn directory. There was an attempt to accommodate and contact the effectiveness is highly questionable, while changing the logo is a modified version of my ad was closed, although it was around noon in status of Allowed. To me this point is not entirely clear, to be honest.
In General, it is told very briefly, a lot of associated was still. The project started on 19 March 2012, currently per day there are about 2-3 hundred listeners, and for all these days I listen to the radio more than 1 thousand people, the budget is 3 thousand rubles per month. The format for these days has changed into a more pop and modern way, but it has not lost the music of yesteryear. Daily audience is growing and a lot of plans is the launch of your site, starting threads in aac+ and Ogg (already working, but in the test), with different bitrates, with increasing load is also planned to hire a third server in another DC (increase slots + reserve) daily updated music database, I want that radio was the most interesting. In this case highlights is the complete lack of leading — this is enough everywhere, online and in broadcast, high-quality sound and data, the maximum uptime of servers and broadcasting, literate programming on the air and a wider repertoire. Also any idea to create a second station with a very interesting format, but sadly not so common in Russia.
Ahead check the IP, the certificate on registration of mass media in Moscow and sign a contract to work with raw.
And here we will dispel the second myth
2. Every contractor will have to meet personally and sign a contract.
Nonsense! There are organizations who are authorized for representation of the rights of performers and rights holders (RAO, WIPO and others), they can and need to sign a contract in order to work in the legal field and was able to get into directories AKADO Radio, Audio Rambler, Yandex Direct and other. Usually they ask from 1.5 to 3 percent of revenue (depends on many factors).
The first series of the material: How to make a radio over if there are any questions, suggestions, constructive criticism — eager to hear and answer)
